Cooling Tower Safety and Maintenance

Aligning Debris Management and Water Treatment Procedures Is Key to Cooling tower Safety and Efficiency

The following is an important reminder of the need for all companies that use cooling towers, to adopt and keep diligent in their maintenance and water treatment program. Why? because what's at stake is a companies worker health and safety, the company's reputation and operational efficiency; these can be dramatically affected by the unsafe condition of a single cooling tower.

In 2001 a major worldwide auto manufacturer experienced a tragedy when four of its facilities maintenance employees became ill with pneumonia-like symptoms that ultimately claimed the lives of two. The cause - Legionnaires Disease caused by the Legionella bacteria found in one of the manufacturers process cooling towers. The company quickly moved to conduct a "cause analysis" by inspecting its cooling towers worldwide to identify how systems were being maintained and to determine best maintenance practices. This ultimately led to the establishment of a world class monitoring and maintenance procedure that ensures such a tragedy will never be repeated at the company.

How a Legionella Tragedy Can Happen

Interestingly, when someone becomes ill from an unsafe cooling tower it most often is not the result of a company's blatant negligence; rather, it's typically the result of a company not having a clear understanding of the need for their water treatment program to be in alignment with an effective debris management and cooling tower maintenance program. While it may seem obvious that if the amount of debris inside of a cooling tower exceeds the established biocide dosage, the demand placed on the dosage will quickly be consumed and will have little impact on the bioactivity. In other words, the debris and bioactivity occurring in a cooling tower can overwhelm the chemical dosage. It is well known and important to remember that cooling towers are highly efficient air scrubbers; anything drifting past a cooling tower is likely to get caught in its draft and be sucked-in.

When organic debris such as cottonwood seed, leaves, insects, pollen, grass, birds and their droppings, etc. get into the water and decompose, it along with the relatively warm temperatures of the water create a nutrient rich environment for bacterial growth including Legionella. Further, it's important to recognize that if the volume of decomposing debris exceeds the chemical dosage's ability to provide control, the cooling tower will silently grow dangerous even while chemical dosing continues. The fact of the matter is that it's easy for companies to develop a false sense of security that their cooling towers are safe either because they are treating the water themselves or, because they've hired a water treatment service to establish dosage levels that should ensure the tower is safe. In either case, if organic debris management isn't in alignment with water treatment dosage levels and made integral to the maintenance process, there is an increased probability of the tower becoming a health and safety hazard. It doesn't matter how large or small a company or a cooling tower is; bacteria including Legionella doesn't discriminate - it will thrive in any poorly managed cooling tower!

An Obvious Question

"What is the needed ratio of water treatment chemicals to that of debris load inside the cooling tower to ensure cooling tower safety?" Although the question is obvious, the answer isn't. Organic debris is drawn into cooling towers in different concentrations depending upon location and time of year. Every type of debris places a different demand upon the biocides and scale inhibitors being dosed into the water; therefore, there is no known ratio that will hold constant for every cooling tower. However, it is safe to say that if you don't deploy diligent maintenance procedures that specifically call for the prevention of organic debris from getting into the cooling tower or its periodic removal, more water treatment chemicals will be required to keep it safe. Some may say, "load the tower up with chemicals to ensure safety", however, federal and state EPA guidelines place restrictions on the amount and type of chemicals that can be used, therefore the use of chemical treatment alone is not the solution. Furthermore, adding chemicals to offset poor maintenance practices is a shortcut that will do little to prevent fouling and clogging of the fill, strainers, blow down valves, chiller and heat exchangers and could eventually lead to health and safety problems and a reduction in equipment performance. Although the answer to the chemical ratio to debris question isn't apparent, the answer to how to keep a safe cooling tower is crystal clear and can be simply stated - "Keep the cooling tower free of debris and deploy a good water treatment program and your cooling tower will operate safely and efficiently." This may sound like an over simplification, but in reality if you keep the debris out of the cooling tower, you will break the bacteria supporting food chain. Additionally, when you chemically treat the water you create an environment non-conducive to bacteria habitation. In short, when you eliminate food and shelter for bacteria it won't take-up residence in your cooling tower!

How to Keep a Safe Cooling Tower

In recent years ASHRAE has established excellent recommendations for cooling tower maintenance known as Guideline 12. In addition to recommending maintenance activities, it also calls for establishing procedures that are measurable. Although ASHRAE guidelines are excellent, companies must ultimately weigh the operational and economic realities of any maintenance procedure they deploy. As the old saying goes "There's more than one way to skin a cat". If on the one hand maintenance procedures are too frequent, cumbersome or complex, it commonly results in more downtime, lost productivity and higher maintenance costs. Furthermore, the natural human tendency is to take shortcuts to quickly complete an unpleasant job - often times with unsatisfactory results. Conversely, if the intervals between maintenance are too long, it may be more cost effective, but the condition of the cooling tower at each interval may be less than desirable and potentially place maintenance workers, employees, tenants and the public at risk. So the answer largely lies somewhere in the middle where water treatment and managing debris in the tower come together.

Today, companies have many options available to them for managing debris; they include a variety of water based filtration technologies and air intake filtration technology. Water filtration can help manage waterborne and other debris after it gets into the cooling water while Air intake filtration technology is highly effective at stopping airborne debris from getting into the tower by filtering the air as it enters the system. . Furthermore, air intake filtration can be used in glycol based cooling systems and on other air-cooled condenser systems to keep airborne debris out of the coils, enabling optimal cooling efficiency.

When determining what maintenance and debris management technology to use, it is important to first determine what the source of debris is. If the source of debris is waterborne (e.g.; sediment, algae from pond or river, or water with high dissolved solids content), water filtration in combination with a good water treatment program is typically the best solution and will protect the chiller and heat exchanger from scaling and fouling. If on the other hand, the source of debris is airborne related (cottonwood seed, insects, leaves, pine needles, paper, birds & droppings, harvest chaff, construction debris, etc), then water filtration systems will not stop the debris from getting into the cooling tower (especially the fill). For airborne debris related problems, the best solution is to prevent the debris from getting into the system by using air intake filtration technology that filters the air as it enters the system. Air intake filtration in combination with a good water treatment program is highly effective in stopping the kind of debris that clogs strainers, blow down valves, fill, chillers and heat exchangers - In short, air intake filtration effectively protects the entire system. In extreme cases where both waterborne and airborne debris is problematic, both air intake filtration and water filtration in combination with a good water treatment program may be required in order to keep the cooling tower safe and operating efficiently.

Personal Safety

No matter what procedures are adopted in maintaining cooling towers, personal safety precautions must be integral to the maintenance procedures. Best practices require workers to wear respirators, gloves and protective clothing to help prevent exposure to bacteria, especially Legionella. Important Note: cooling water doesn't have to look dirty to be dangerous - just because the water is clear doesn't mean it's clean or free of bacteria - Every cooling tower can harbor bacteria. Always, always take precautions because unless the water is routinely tested for Legionella and other bacteria, the bacteria will never announce its presence until it's too late.

Consider the costs of a Sick tower

Companies that don't take appropriate precautions and insist upon diligent cooling tower maintenance procedures put not only their employees health and safety at risk, but also their business and reputation. Consider the cost of a single cooling tower related Legionella incident:

• Reduced employee moral and productivity due to an unsafe work environment.
• Negative customer perceptions of the company and their willingness to buy goods & services should a Legionella outbreak become public. (especially risky for food and related processors)
• Loss of income to families when a loved one becomes ill or die from Legionella.
• High cost for litigation which can follow.
• Higher company insurance costs when claims due to job related sickness or death occur.

In comparison to the cost of a proactive maintenance initiative, the incidents listed above when considered individually or collectively carry staggering cost.

Follow a Leader

So you may be wondering exactly how the major automotive company mentioned at the beginning took a tragic situation and turned it into a world-class maintenance program. They formed an oversight committee sponsored by executive management, that was charged with the responsibility of working with consultants, water treatment professionals and maintenance employees to establish a global water management program that encompasses specific maintenance tasks, maintenance methods & procedures, maintenance schedules, management accountabilities and reporting guidelines at the facility level. The representative at each facility is accountable to a regional representative who reports activities and results to the oversight committee. The establishment of the oversight committee and its global management network ensures uniformity of their program plus, gives the company a vehicle to quickly implement changes and enhancements that provide continuous improvement to their global water management program.

It Doesn't Take Rocket Science

It simply requires that companies using cooling towers "step-up to the plate" and initiate proactive and on-going maintenance procedures that align effective debris management technology with effective water testing and treatment techniques because when these elements are in alignment, the result is a safe, healthy and efficient operation.

Air Solution Company developed and patented the first Air Intake Filter specifically engineered to mount to the outside of cooling towers and other HVAC equipment for purposes of stopping the debris before it entered into the system. Since that time, Air Solution Company has been manufacturing and has introduced a variety of other innovative filter systems including its new Fine Mesh Filter which is engineered for use on small and medium size refrigeration coils and machine fan intake housing units. Air Solution Company Randy Simmons is with Air Solution Company, author of articles can be reached at http://www.airsolutioncompany.com

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Find And Maintain Your Perfect Weight: The Yoga of Mindful Eating

Find And Maintain Your Perfect weight: The Yoga of Mindful Eating

A common experience, among those who have practiced some form of yoga (or qigong or meditation) for a sustained period of time, is the experience of having ones weight stabilize, and maintain itself ~ almost magically ~ at the perfect level. This has certainly been my experience Regardless of what I eat (and granted, my diet is, my most standards, quite a healthy one), my weight has appeared, over many years, to fluctuate no more than a couple of pounds in either direction. I dont have scientific proof of this, since I almost never weigh myself on a scale but it is my perception, which Ive grown to trust. Basically, I feel comfortable in my body, and most of the time what I want to eat is what my body needs After Ive eaten what I have desired, I feel nourished, satisfied, and energized by those choices.

But this sort of natural equilibrium, around weight and food choices, for most people takes a while to cultivate. So, in the meantime, what to do about this eating thing? This body-weight thing? Based upon advice Ive received, over the years and from people I trust, Id like to present two practices: one very simple (in terms of its mechanics, at least); the other a bit more involved. What they have in common is this: youre not required to change WHAT you eat, in any way. Sound intriguing? read on !

The first practice, designed specifically for those who would be healthier & happier if they weighed less than they do now, is to follow one simple rule, which is: dont eat anything after 5 p.m. This is a strategy that was transmitted to me by one of my teachers (herself a yogini, in the Sikh tradition) in Chinese medical school. What she noticed was that, almost universally, those patients of hers who were able to do this one thing, did indeed lose the weight that they needed to, without doing anything else. The explanation for this (common to both the Chinese and the ayurvedic medical models) is that our digestive fire is hottest at high noon, and from there begins its daily descent reaching its low point at around midnight. To be in alignment with this natural cycle of our digestive system, its best to eat our largest meal at around noon, and definitely to avoid those fashionably late dinners, or midnight snacks. Now actually doing this may require some inconvenient if not downright painful (emotionally, socially) shifts & changes in your habitual eating patterns But if youre able to work through that piece of it, its a very simple thing!

A more involved meal-time practice ~ which still does not require you to change what you eat (though over time, this may indeed, and quite naturally, begin to happen) ~ is to bring a new level of mindfulness to the entire eating process. This sort of practice begins with the commitment to simply eat, when youre eating, i.e. to avoid meal-time multi-tasking (you know: reading the paper, checking you email or voice messages, driving the kids to school at the same time as youre having breakfast, lunch or dinner). Then, once you have your food on your plate, to pause for a moment or two to consider where the food has come from: to think of all the plants, minerals, animals and human beings without whom this food would not be here in front of you. So to remember: the farm-workers, the sunshine & minerals which were food to the plants that youre about to consume, the plants which were food to the animals youre about to consume, the workers in the supermarket and in the slaughterhouse As we deepen this practice, we come to understand that the food were about to consume could not be here were it not for the entire universe! Then we say a prayer, of acknowledgement and of gratitude, for what were about to consume. This could be anything that youd like it to be. A traditional prayer from the Hindu tradition is as follows (first in transliterated Sanskrit, then the english translation):

brahmaarpaNaM brahma haviH brahmaagnau brahmaNaa hutam.h . brahmaiva tena gantavyaM brahmakarmasamaadhinaa ..

A process of offering is Brahman, the oblation is Brahman, the instrument of offering is Brahman, the fire to which the offering is made is also Brahman. For such a one who abides in Brahman, by him alone Brahman is reached.

The essential message of this prayer is: we and the food and the process of eating & drinking are all made of the same stuff and as we come, directly, to realize this, we and our food and our entire world is revealed as Divine (Brahman). In other words: you are God, eating food which is God, which is digested by God, and if you really get this, you will have reached God!

So now ~ at long last! ~ we take our first bite and chew it long enough to really taste it, and perhaps even long enough to notice how the taste changes as the food begins to break down in our mouths. And we allow ourselves to notice: is this an enjoyable or less-than-enjoyable taste? And allow ourselves to enjoy the whole process and to marvel at its miracle: at some point (where exactly is that point?) this food ceases to be food and becomes part of my body!

These sorts of mindfulness of eating practices are a potent way of waking up the bodys own intelligence and as such, are likely, over the long run, to have balancing and stabilizing affects on all of our physical (as well as emotional and spiritual) systems. Give it a try and bon appetit!

Elizabeth Reninger holds Masters degrees in Sociology and Chinese Medicine, is a published poet, and has been exploring Yoga ~ in its taoist, buddhist & Hindu varieties ~ for more than twenty years. She is a student of Richard Freeman and Dzogchen Ponlop Rinpoche, and currently resides in Boulder, colorado. For more of her essays on yoga-related topics, please visit her website: http://www.writingup.com/blog/elizabeth_reninger

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How to Make a Diet Really Work

You are thrilled and excited to start off a new diet system, by the time you're done you will be looking sleek and trim.

After going through the first day or two, you start to feel how burdensome and hard this process is, to add insult to injury, everyone you know, is aware that you're working on a diet, and everyone is examining your body's shape every time they lay their eyes on you, disappointing you by saying "You look quite the same, aren't you suppose to be on a diet?"

That by its self adds a lot of pressure and stress on us, feeling judged and monitored all the time by people's harsh perceptions, while all we want is to benefit our selves by simply loosing some weight.

The main problem could rise because we don't really understand how our bodies works, so let's take a closer look at understanding how the human body works.

To make things clear and easy, think of the human body as a primitive tool, its main objective is merely to survive no matter what, it doesn't care about how it looks from the outside, as long as it is alive and well.

By using diets which are based on any type of fasting or depriving your self from food, would lead the body to think that it's under attack and won't get any food soon, which makes it start to react in a way we don't want, it will think that you're stranded on a desert island or alone in a jungle with no food around to eat.

The body will think that it should start to preserve its self as much as possible, just incase the worst happens, by storing energy in the form of fat into its fat cells, and by doing so, it will either start to gain weight, especially on cheat days that are included in the diet system, or at least preserve its fat reserve banks as long as it could.

now that is not what you wanted when you started the diet, did you? So how do you make your body react in the way you want it to, you want to loose weight not gain, right?

The trick is to delude your body, by making it think that there is more food coming in on regular bases, while all the food you give it is low in calories but large in quantities.

By feeding your body around the clock all the time, it will relax and start to burn beyond the actual needed metabolism it really requires, every time you eat something light in calories and large in amount it will burn a little more from the stored fat reserve banks it has. Fooled by the amount you've just had.

Understanding this simple concept and keeping it on your mind, the next time you begin a new diet, people will start to notice how effective it really is, but most importantly, is the fact that you feel full all the time, and good about your self and your results, by the time you're done you will be looking sleek and trim.

Mazen Al-Angary is the author of The Last Option: When Other diets Fail (ISBN 1589397754). For more information about Mazen, visit: http://www.Al-Angary.com

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